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Technology improvements and management innovations in construction of Xiluodu hydropower station on Jinsha River

Qixiang FAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 231-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017103

摘要： Hongtao ZHOU, Hongwei WANG, Wei ZENG. [J]. Front. Eng, 2018, 5(1): 78-87.Peter REDFERN, Hua ZHONG. [J]. Front. Eng, 2017, 4(2): 193-200.Ming-zhou Liu,Cong-hu Liu,Mao-gen Ge,Yuan Zhang,Qing-hua Zhu. [J]. Front. Eng, 2016, 3(2): 144-146.Chong-guang Feng,Hao Hu,Feng Xu,Jian Yang. [J]. Front. Eng, 2015, 2(2): 178-181.Yu Zhao,Sheng-quan Wang,Ke-chao Zhu. [J]. Front. Eng, 2015, 2(1): 35-38.Ru-gui Chen,Jia-meng Chen. [J]. Front. Eng, 2014, 1(1): 52-61.An Wang. [J]. Front. Eng, 2014, 1(1): 13-17.

关键词： super-high arch dam     intelligent construction     mass concrete temperature control     structure behavior control     anti-erosion concrete     low-heat portland cement     large-discharge and high-velocity spillway tunnels     large scale underground powerhouse     green hydropower station     sustainable development     Xiluodu hydropower station    

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考虑射流掺气的改进冲刷模型

Rafael Duarte,António Pinheiro,Anton J. Schleiss

《工程（英文）》 2016年 第2卷 第3期   页码 294-301 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.003

摘要：

基于受高速射流冲击的水垫塘中掺气对岩块稳定性影响的系统试验研究，本文给出了一种基于物理特性冲刷模型的适应性研究成果。在综合冲刷模型中实现了对射流掺气模型的改进，使其得以再现有关冲刷形成的物理– 机械过程，其中涉及三相，即水、岩体和空气。改进方法考虑了因挟带气泡引起的掺气射流动量减少以及射流扩散剪切层的能量消耗。岩块从岩体脱离取决于掺气的时均压强系数及修正的最大动力冲击系数的组合，对于深水垫塘中的高速射流，该系数为定值0.2。上述改进模型的模拟结果与卡里巴大坝冲坑原型观测结果吻合良好。

关键词： 掺气     上举力     岩体冲刷     大坝安全     高速射流     岩块稳定性     冲刷评估    

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High velocity impact of metal sphere on thin metallic plate using smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH)

Hossein ASADI KALAMEH, Arash KARAMALI, Cosmin ANITESCU, Timon RABCZUK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 101-110 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0160-z

摘要： The modeling of high velocity impact is an important topic in impact engineering. Due to various constraints, experimental data are extremely limited. Therefore, detailed numerical simulation can be considered as a desirable alternative. However, the physical processes involved in the impact are very sophisticated; hence a practical and complete reproduction of the phenomena involves complicated numerical models. In this paper, we present a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to model two-dimensional impact of metal sphere on thin metallic plate. The simulations are applied to different materials (Aluminum, Lead and Steel); however the target and projectile are formed of similar metals. A wide range of velocities (300, 1000, 2000, and 3100 m/s) are considered in this study. The goal is to study the most sensitive input parameters (impact velocity and plate thickness) on the longitudinal extension of the projectile, penetration depth and damage crater.

关键词： smoothed particle hydrodynamics     high velocity impact     sensitivity analysis    

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Connection of the prefabricated updeck of road tunnels by a short lap-spliced joint using ultra-high-performance

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 870-883 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0977-7

摘要： Prefabricated internal structures of road tunnels, consisting of precast elements and the connections between them, provide advantages in terms of quality control and manufacturing costs. However, the limited construction space in tunnels creates challenges for on-site assembly. To identify feasible connecting joints, flexural tests of precast straight beams connected by welding-spliced or lap-spliced reinforcements embedded in normal concrete or ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) are first performed and analyzed. With an improvement in the strength grade of the closure concrete for the lap-spliced joint, the failure of the beam transforms from a brittle splitting mode to a ductile flexural mode. The beam connected by UHPFRC100 with short lap-spliced reinforcements can achieve almost equivalent mechanical performance in terms of the bearing capacity, ductility, and stiffness as the beam connected by normal concrete with welding-spliced reinforcements. This favorable solution is then applied to the connection of neighboring updeck slabs resting on columns in a double-deck tunnel. The applicability is validated by flexural tests of T-shaped joints, which, fail in a ductile fashion dominated by the ultimate bearing capacity of the precast elements, similar to the corresponding straight beam. The utilization of UHPFRC significantly reduces the required lap-splice length of reinforcements owing to its strong bonding strength.

关键词： UHPFRC     prefabricated updeck     road tunnel     lap-spliced rebars     flexural tests    

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Species distribution of arsenic in sediments after an unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater

Ruiping LIU, Wei XU, Kun WU, Wenxin GONG, Huijuan LIU, Jiuhui QU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 568-578 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0514-3

摘要： The unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater into water environments results in significantly increased levels of arsenic in water; however, the species distribution of arsenic in sediments has never been reported before for such cases. This study focuses on an As pollution accident in the Dasha River, and uses sequential extraction procedures with deionized water, 1?mol·L MgCl at pH= 8, 1?mol·L NaH PO at pH= 5, and 1?mol·L HCl to investigate four binding phases of arsenic (i.e., water soluble, ion-exchangeable, strongly-bound, and precipitates) in sediments at different layers in different cross-sections along the river. The average ratio of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) was found to decrease from 0.74:1 in river water to 0.48:1 in sediment, owing to its higher affinity toward As(V) than As(III). The content of arsenic in the sediments was relatively low and the maximum content was observed to be 36.3?mg·kg for As(III) and 97.5?mg·kg for As(V). As(III) and As(V) showed different binding phases in sediments, and the average fractions of these four species were determined to be 0.09, 0.11, 0.17, and 0.63 for As(III) and 0.03, 0.14, 0.63, and 0.20 for As(V), respectively. For all the sediment samples, the content of arsenic showed no relationship with the characteristics of the sediments such as the particle diameter, the content of organic carbon, Fe, and Mn, although a negative correlation with particle diameter was observed for the sediments in the uppermost 2-cm layer. The unexpected emergent As incident results in the high content of total arsenic in the surface sediment, which may be potential secondary source to the elevated As levels in surface water.

关键词： river sediments     arsenic     species distribution     binding phases     unexpected discharge of high-As wastewater    

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Numerical modeling of cavitation on spillway’s flip bucket

Abbas PARSAIE,Sadegh DEHDAR-BEHBAHANI,Amir Hamzeh HAGHIABI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 438-444 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0337-y

摘要： Numerical modeling of hydraulic phenomenon by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approaches is one of the main parts in the high cost hydraulic structure studies. In this paper, using Flow 3D as CFD commercial tool, the cavitation phenomenon was assessed along spillway's flip bucket of the Balaroud dam. Performance of numerical modeling was compared to the physical model, which was constructed to this purpose. During numerical modeling, it was found that RNG turbulence model is a suitable performance for modeling the cavitation. Physical modeling shows that minimum cavitation index is about 0.85 and minimum cavitation index based on Flow 3D results is about 0.665, which was related to the flood discharge with return period of 10000 years. The main difference between numerical and physical modeling is related to the head of velocity, which is considered in physical modeling. Results of numerical simulation show that occurrence of cavitation based on cavitation index equal to 0.25 is not possible along the spillway.

关键词： cavitation Index     numerical simulation     spillway’s flip Bucket     CFD     Balaroud Dam     physical modeling    

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Ballistic behavior of plain and reinforced concrete slabs under high velocity impact

Chahmi OUCIF, Luthfi Muhammad MAULUDIN, Farid Abed

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 299-310 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0588-5

摘要： This work presents a numerical simulation of ballistic penetration and high velocity impact behavior of plain and reinforced concrete slabs. In this paper, we focus on the comparison of the performance of the plain and reinforced concrete slabs of unconfined compressive strength 41 MPa under ballistic impact. The concrete slab has dimensions of 675 mm × 675 mm × 200 mm, and is meshed with 8-node hexahedron solid elements in the impact and outer zones. The ogive-nosed projectile is considered as rigid element that has a mass of 0.386 kg and a length of 152 mm. The applied velocities vary between 540 and 731 m/s. 6 mm of steel reinforcement bars were used in the reinforced concrete slabs. The constitutive material modeling of the concrete and steel reinforcement bars was performed using the Johnson-Holmquist-2 damage and the Johnson-Cook plasticity material models, respectively. The analysis was conducted using the commercial finite element package Abaqus/Explicit. Damage diameters and residual velocities obtained by the numerical model were compared with the experimental results and effect of steel reinforcement and projectile diameter were studies. The validation showed good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. The added steel reinforcements to the concrete samples were found efficient in terms of ballistic resistance comparing to the plain concrete sample.

关键词： Johnson-Holmquist-2     Johnson-Cook     reinforced concrete     damage     impact loads    

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大比尺高拱坝泄洪振动水弹性模型研究

马斌,练继建,杨敏

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第11期   页码 23-29

摘要：

以拉西瓦拱坝为工程背景，采用加重橡胶，建立了大比尺（1∶100）的水弹性模型，全面模拟了“坝体－地基－库水－动荷载”四位一体流固耦联的振动系统。利用该水弹性模型，采用先进的测试手段和数据分析处理软件，对拉西瓦拱坝的模态以及多种泄洪工况下拱坝的振动响应进行全面的测试和分析。采用流激振动反分析方法，求得泄洪振动的等效荷载，得到整个结构的动力响应，最后对泄洪诱发的坝体振动影响作出了评估。

关键词： 拉西瓦拱坝     水弹性模型     流激振动     振动响应     反分析    

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Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow in trapezoidal cutthroat flumes based on FLOW-3D

Danjie RAN, Wene WANG, Xiaotao HU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 168-176 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018217

摘要： To solve the common problem of flumes flow-measurement accuracy without sacrificing water head, a new type of trapezoidal cutthroat flume to measure the discharge in terminal trapezoidal channels is presented. Using the computational fluid dynamic method, three-dimensional flow fields in trapezoidal cutthroat flumes were simulated using the RNG three-dimensional turbulence model along with the TruVOF technique. Simulations were performed for 12 working conditions, with discharges up to 0.075 m ·s to determine hydraulic performance. Experimental data for the trapezoidal cutthroat flume in terminal trapezoidal channel were also obtained to validate the simulation results. Velocity distribution of the flume obtained from simulation analyses were compared with observed results based on time-averaged flow field and comparison yielded a solid agreement between results from the two methods, with relative error below 10%. The results indicated that the Froude number and the longitudinal average velocity increased along the convergence section and decreased in the divergent section. In the upper throat, the Froude number was less than 0.5, which meets the water measurement requirement, and the critical flow appeared near the throat section. The maximum water head loss of the trapezoidal cutthroat flume was less than 9% of the total head, compared to the rectangular cutthroat flume, and head loss of trapezoidal cutthroat flume was significantly less. Regression models developed for upstream depth versus discharge under different working conditions were satisfactory, with a relative error of less than 2.06%, which meets the common requirements of flow measurement in irrigation areas. It was concluded that trapezoidal cutthroat flumes can improve flow-measurement accuracy without sacrificing water head.

关键词： distribution of velocity     Froude number     head loss     stage-discharge relationship     trapezoidal cutthroat flume    

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Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 105 W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge     high-energy sites     targeted-energy transition     morphology design     energy efficiency    

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高速铁路大断面黄土隧道建设关键技术 Article

赵勇, 何华武, 李鹏飞

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第2期   页码 254-259 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.07.003

摘要：
郑州—西安高速铁路工程的顺利建成极大地提升了中国大断面黄土隧道的建设水平，在设计理论和施工技术两方面都取得了重大进展。本文系统总结了中国高速铁路大断面黄土隧道工程的技术特征与主要难题，包括围岩分级、支护结构设计、地表沉降与开裂控制，以及安全快速施工问题。在此基础上针对各技术难题从设计与施工两个方面阐述了高速铁路大断面黄土隧道建设关键技术。研究结果表明：大断面黄土隧道围岩分级应以黄土的地质年代为基础，结合塑性指数和含水量两个指标，并考虑埋深影响进行修正；在隧道开挖扰动影响下，洞周滑动趋势面的地表部分因拉应力超过土体抗拉或抗剪强度而破坏，因其直立性较好而形成可见裂缝；大断面黄土隧道围岩压力计算应根据埋深情况分别采用相应的公式进行计算；采用以三台阶七步开挖法为核心的施工技术体系实现了大断面黄土隧道的安全、快速施工，并根据现场试验优化了施工参数，提出了稳定掌子面的工程措施。研究结论和方法对揭示大断面黄土隧道地层及支护力学特性，优化支护结构设计和施工技术参数具有重要意义。

关键词： 黄土隧道     围岩分级     地表开裂     设计荷载     三台阶七步开挖法    

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Shanghai Tower

Jian GONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 106-109 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017001

摘要： Ru-jiang Zhao,Wung Hee Moh. [J]. Front. Eng, 2016, 3(2): 147-157.

关键词： super-high-rise building     green building     integral steel platform formwork system     large volume concrete     concrete pumped for super-high building     deep and large foundation pit     combined anterograde and retrograde methods     digitalized construction technology    

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Safety and serviceability assessment for high-rise tower crane to turbulent winds

Zhi SUN, Nin HOU, Haifan XIANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 18-24 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0009-2

摘要： Tower cranes are commonly used facilities for the construction of high-rise structures. To ensure their workability, it is very important to analyze their response and evaluate their condition under extreme conditions. This paper proposes a general scheme for safety and serviceability assessment of high-rise tower crane to turbulent winds based on time domain buffeting response analysis. Spatially correlated wind velocity field at the location of the tower crane was first simulated using an algorithm for generating the time domain samples of a stationary, multivariate stochastic process according to some prescribed spectral density matrix. The buffeting forces applied to the structure were computed according to the above-simulated wind velocity fluctuations and the lift, drag, and moment coefficients obtained from a CFD computation. Those spatially correlated loads were then fed into a well calibrated finite element model and the nonlinear time history analysis was conducted to compute structural buffeting response. Compared with structural on-site response measurement, the computed response using the proposed method has good precision. The proposed method is then adopted for analyzing the buffeting response of an in-use tower crane under the design wind speed and the maximum operational wind speed for safety and serviceability assessment.

关键词： tower crane     buffeting response     wind velocity     modeling    

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Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 884-900 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0912-3

摘要： Groundwater leakage in shield tunnels poses a threat to the safety and durability of tunnel structures. Disturbance of adjacent constructions during the operation of shield tunnels frequently occurs in China, leading to deformation of tunnel lining and leakage in joints. Understanding the impact of adjacent constructions on the waterproofing performance of the lining is critical for the protection of shield tunnels. In this study, the weakening behavior of waterproof performance was investigated in the joints of shield tunnels under transverse deformation induced by adjacent construction. First, the relationship between the joint opening and transverse deformation under three typical adjacent constructions (upper loading, upper excavation, and side excavation) was investigated via elaborate numerical simulations. Subsequently, the evolution of the waterproof performance of a common gasket with a joint opening was examined by establishing a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian model of joint seepage, and a formula describing the relationship between waterproof performance and joint opening was proposed. Finally, the weakening law of waterproofing performance was investigated based on the results of the aforementioned studies. It was determined that the joints with the greatest decline in waterproof performance were located at the tunnel shoulder in the upper loading case, tunnel crown in the upper excavation case, and tunnel shoulder in the side excavation case. When the waterproof performance of these joints decreased to 50% and 30%, the transverse deformations were 60 and 90 mm under upper loading, 90 and 140 mm under upper excavation, and 45 and 70 mm under side excavation, respectively. The results provide a straightforward reference for setting a controlled deformation standard considering the waterproof performance.

关键词： shield tunnel     waterproof performance     horizontal transverse deformation     joint opening     weakening behavior    

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Mechatronic design of a novel linear compliant positioning stage with large travel range and high out-of-plane

Hua LIU, Xin XIE, Ruoyu TAN, Lianchao ZHANG, Dapeng FAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第2期   页码 265-278 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0453-y

摘要：

Most of the XY positioning stages proposed in previous studies are mainly designed by considering only a single performance indicator of the stage. As a result, the other performance indicators are relatively weak. In this study, a 2-degree-of-freedom linear compliant positioning stage (LCPS) is developed by mechatronic design to balance the interacting performance indicators and realize the desired positioning stage. The key parameters and the coupling of the structure and actuators are completely considered in the design. The LCPS consists of four voice coil motors (VCMs), which are conformally designed for compactness, and six spatial leaf spring parallelograms. These parallelograms are serially connected for a large travel range and a high out-of-plane payload capacity. The mechatronic model is established by matrix structural analysis for structural modeling and by Kirchhoff’s law for the VCMs. The sensitivities of the key parameters are analyzed, and the design parameters are subsequently determined. The analytical model of the stage is confirmed by experiments. The stage has a travel range of 4.4 mm× 7.0 mm and a 0.16% area ratio of workspace to the outer dimension of the stage. The values of these performance indicators are greater than those of any existing stage reported in the literature. The closed-loop bandwidth is 9.5 Hz in both working directions. The stage can track a circular trajectory with a radius of 1.5 mm, with 40 mm error and a resolution of lower than 3 mm. The results of payload tests indicate that the stage has at least 20 kg out-of-plane payload capacity.

关键词： mechatronic design     linear compliant positioning stage     large travel range     high out-of-plane payload capacity     spatial parallelogram     voice coil motor     sensitivity analysis    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Technology improvements and management innovations in construction of Xiluodu hydropower station on Jinsha River

Qixiang FAN

期刊论文

考虑射流掺气的改进冲刷模型

Rafael Duarte,António Pinheiro,Anton J. Schleiss

期刊论文

High velocity impact of metal sphere on thin metallic plate using smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH)

Hossein ASADI KALAMEH, Arash KARAMALI, Cosmin ANITESCU, Timon RABCZUK

期刊论文

Connection of the prefabricated updeck of road tunnels by a short lap-spliced joint using ultra-high-performance

期刊论文

Species distribution of arsenic in sediments after an unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater

Ruiping LIU, Wei XU, Kun WU, Wenxin GONG, Huijuan LIU, Jiuhui QU

期刊论文

Numerical modeling of cavitation on spillway’s flip bucket

Abbas PARSAIE,Sadegh DEHDAR-BEHBAHANI,Amir Hamzeh HAGHIABI

期刊论文

Ballistic behavior of plain and reinforced concrete slabs under high velocity impact

Chahmi OUCIF, Luthfi Muhammad MAULUDIN, Farid Abed

期刊论文

大比尺高拱坝泄洪振动水弹性模型研究

马斌,练继建,杨敏

期刊论文

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow in trapezoidal cutthroat flumes based on FLOW-3D

Danjie RAN, Wene WANG, Xiaotao HU

期刊论文

Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

期刊论文

高速铁路大断面黄土隧道建设关键技术

赵勇, 何华武, 李鹏飞

期刊论文

Shanghai Tower

Jian GONG

期刊论文

Safety and serviceability assessment for high-rise tower crane to turbulent winds

Zhi SUN, Nin HOU, Haifan XIANG

期刊论文

Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions

期刊论文

Mechatronic design of a novel linear compliant positioning stage with large travel range and high out-of-plane

Hua LIU, Xin XIE, Ruoyu TAN, Lianchao ZHANG, Dapeng FAN

期刊论文